Search results for " Prophylaxis"
showing 10 items of 124 documents
Healthcare associated infection: novel strategies and antimicrobial implants to prevent surgical site infection
2010
This report is based on a Hygienist Panel Meeting held at St Anne's Manor, Wokingham on 24–25 June 2009. The panel agreed that greater use should be made of antiseptics to reduce reliance on antibiotics with their associated risk of antibiotic resistance. When choosing an antiseptic for clinical use, the Biocompatibility Index, which considers both the microbiocidal activity and any cytotoxic effects of an antiseptic agent, was considered to be a useful tool. The need for longer and more proactive post-discharge surveillance of surgical patients was also agreed to be a priority, especially given the current growth of day-case surgery. The introduction of surgical safety checklists, such as…
Comparison of Fluoroquinolones and Other Antibiotic Prophylaxis Regimens for Preventing Complications in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Prostate Bio…
2022
Our study aimed to compare the incidence of infective complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSBx) when adopting different antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens. A multi-institutional cohort of 1150 patients who underwent TRUSBx was retrospectively analyzed. Procedures were performed between 2017 and 2019 (before and after the EMA warning about the use of fluoroquinolones for the antibiotic prophylaxis of patient candidates to TRUSBx). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of infective complications, including sepsis and/or fever. The population was stratified according to the antibiotic prophylaxis adopted: fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, prulifl…
Epidemiological evaluation of intraoperative antibiosis as a protective agent against endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
2006
PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and to retest recent findings on the protective effect of intraoperative antibiosis and the promoting effect of the clear corneal as compared to sclerocorneal incision. DESIGN Survey study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred thirty-eight ophthalmosurgical centers in Germany. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Responder specific endophthalmitis incidence. RESULTS A total of 310 (58%) questionnaires were computed resulting in an overall count of 404 356 cataract surgeries and 291 self-reported endophthalmitis cases (crude rate 0.072%). The risk of postoperative endophthalmitis for sclerocorneal versus clear corneal incisions was not signifi…
Oral manifestations of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a paediatric case report.
2009
ABSTRACT. Background The Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterised by multiple congenital malformations, dysmorphic facial features and mental retardation. SLOS is caused by a genetically inherited deficiency of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol Δ7reductase (7-DHC reductase), the catalyst involved in the final step of cholesterol biosynthesis, with the consequence of an increased serum levels of 7-DHC and generalised cholesterol deficiency. Case Report A 5-year-old female child was referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of the University of Palermo for caries, gingivitis and malocclusion. The medical history revealed the diagnosis …
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2020
Objective: Although thyroid and parathyroid surgery is considered a clean procedure with a low incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs), a great number of endocrine surgeons use antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). The aim of this study was to assess whether AP is significantly effective in reducing the incidence of SSIs in this kind of surgery. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was performed with PubMed, Scopus, and ISI–Web of Science. Studies addressing the efficacy of AP in reducing the incidence of SSIs in thyroid and parathyroid surgery were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Review Methods: The random effects model was assumed to account for different sources …
Program Uniwersalnej Profilaktyki Pozytywnej - założenia, doświadczenia i refleksje z realizacji programu profilaktyki narkomanii i zachowań ryzykown…
2018
W artykule przedstawiono doświadczenia z realizacji Programu Promocji Bezpieczeństwa Cyfrowego w szkołach na terenie Opola. Prezentowany program został oparty na idei profilaktyki pozytywnej, stanowiąc pionierską próbę zaadaptowania koncepcji pozytywnego rozwoju przez organizację pozarządową. Prezentowany tekst zawiera opis, przebieg oraz refleksje wynikające z doświadczeń realizatorów działania. Artykuł zakończony jest implikacjami praktycznymi dla realizatorów podobnych przedsięwzięć w środowisku lokalnym.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Societ…
2005
Patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation are at high risk for infection with a variety of pathogens during different phases of the procedure. Bacteria and fungi predominate the first phase until engraftment. During the second phase, from engraftment to about day 100, major infectious problems are caused by fungi and cytomegalovirus. Both pathogens remain important under continued immunosuppression, however, in the late post-transplantation period infections with encapsulated bacteria may become a problem. In this review the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the DGHO gives recommendations for prophylaxis of infections under allogeneic stem cell transplantation with drugs a…
Rapid induction of immune density-dependent prophylaxis in adult social insects.
2009
The innate immune system provides defence against parasites and pathogens. This defence comes at a cost, suggesting that immune function should exhibit plasticity in response to variation in environmental threats. Density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP) has been demonstrated mostly in phase-polyphenic insects, where larval group size determines levels of immune function in either adults or later larval instars. Social insects exhibit extreme sociality, but DDP has been suggested to be absent from these ecologically dominant taxa. Here we show that adult bumble-bee workers ( Bombus terrestris ) exhibit rapid plasticity in their immune function in response to social context. These results sugges…
Association between antifungal prophylaxis and rate of documented bacteremia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
2001
Published data have suggested a correlation between antifungal prophylaxis and bacteremia in febrile neutropenia. This correlation was investigated among 3002 febrile neutropenic patients enrolled in 4 trials during 1986-1994. Globally, 1322 patients (44%) did not receive antifungal prophylaxis; 835 (28%) received poorly absorbable antifungal agents and 845 (28%) received absorbable antifungal agents. The rates of bacteremia for these groups were 20%, 26%, and 27%, respectively (P=.0001). In a multivariate model without including antifungal prophylaxis, factors associated with bacteremia were: age, duration of hospitalization, duration of neutropenia before enrollment, underlying disease, p…
Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.
2011
Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (106 colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we analyze the incidence rates of fungal colonization, invasive fungal infection (IFI), and rate of progression from colonization to infection in all groups. Results: This study included 472 neonates who…